第十五條 [采購(gou)文(wen)件編(bian)制]

采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)人、采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)代理機構應當(dang)根據政府采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)政策、采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)預算(suan)、采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)編制采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)文件。

采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)應(ying)當(dang)符合法律法規以及政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)政(zheng)(zheng)策規定的(de)(de)技術、服(fu)務、安(an)全等(deng)要(yao)求(qiu)。政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)向社(she)會(hui)公(gong)眾(zhong)提(ti)供的(de)(de)公(gong)共服(fu)務項目，應(ying)當(dang)就(jiu)確(que)(que)定采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)征求(qiu)社(she)會(hui)公(gong)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見。除 因技術復雜或(huo)者(zhe)性質特殊(shu)，不能確(que)(que)定詳細規格或(huo)者(zhe)具體要(yao)求(qiu)外，采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)應(ying)當(dang)完整、明(ming)確(que)(que)。必要(yao)時(shi)，應(ying)當(dang)就(jiu)確(que)(que)定采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)征求(qiu)相關供應(ying)商、專家的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見。

[釋義] 本條(tiao)對(dui)采購人提(ti)出采購需求(qiu)進行了細化規(gui)定，并將部門規(gui)章的(de)有(you)關規(gui)定上升到了行政(zheng)法規(gui)的(de)層面。

合(he)規、完整、明確是編制(zhi)采購需(xu)求三(san)個基本要求

政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)從事采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)管(guan)理(li)時，代(dai)表(biao)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)履行管(guan)理(li)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)。行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事業(ye)單位是政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)從事管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)具體執行者(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)履行管(guan)理(li)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)時，必須嚴(yan)格(ge)執行國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)法律法規(gui)(gui)。在(zai)(zai)制定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)(qiu)時要 將(jiang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)利益(yi)和(he)公共利益(yi)放在(zai)(zai)首位，確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)(qiu)必須符(fu)(fu)合(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)法律法規(gui)(gui)以及政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)、服務、安(an)全(quan)等(deng)要求(qiu)(qiu)，促進供(gong)應商(shang)依法合(he)規(gui)(gui)生產(chan)(chan)，發(fa)揮政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai) 購(gou)(gou)(gou)導向作用，維護國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)利益(yi)和(he)公共利益(yi)。在(zai)(zai)實際執行過程中(zhong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)人對采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)規(gui)(gui)性(xing)(xing)要求(qiu)(qiu)重視不夠，確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)(qiu)不符(fu)(fu)合(he)有關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)時有發(fa)生。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)電(dian) 器、信(xin)息(xi)設備(bei)、機動(dong)車(che)輛等(deng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)時，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)(qiu)應符(fu)(fu)合(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)有關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)頒布的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)安(an)全(quan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)并通過中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)強制性(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)（3C認(ren)證(zheng)）。在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)無國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)、服 務、安(an)全(quan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，可按(an)(an)照行業(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)(qiu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。如為了(le)保(bao)證(zheng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)符(fu)(fu)合(he)信(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)要求(qiu)(qiu)，財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)、工(gong)業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)化部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)質(zhi)量監(jian)督檢驗檢疫總(zong) 局、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)認(ren)證(zheng)認(ren)可監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)委員會(hui)2010年(nian)下發(fa)了(le)《關(guan)于信(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)實施政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)通知》（財(cai)庫[2010]48號），規(gui)(gui)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)活動(dong)中(zhong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)人或其 委托(tuo)的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)代(dai)理(li)機構應當(dang)按(an)(an)照《政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)法》的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，在(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)(包括談判文件(jian)、詢價文件(jian))中(zhong)載明對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)獲得信(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)，并要求(qiu)(qiu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)供(gong)應商(shang) 提供(gong)由(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)信(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)認(ren)證(zheng)中(zhong)心按(an)(an)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)認(ren)證(zheng)頒發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)有效認(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書。

完(wan)整是指采(cai)購需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)應(ying)全(quan)面(mian)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)供應(ying)商需(xu)(xu)具備(bei)的資格(ge)條件及(ji)(ji)(ji)滿(man)足政府(fu)所需(xu)(xu)或公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)的全(quan)部要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，特定情(qing)況下(xia)還需(xu)(xu)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)技術保障或服務(wu)人員組(zu)成方(fang)案(an)等要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。以國外公(gong) 開招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)中通用(yong)產(chan)品為(wei)例(li)：完(wan)整的需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)功能及(ji)(ji)(ji)對應(ying)的性能要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)、規格(ge)；材(cai)質及(ji)(ji)(ji)相應(ying)物(wu)理性功能要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)；包(bao)(bao)裝及(ji)(ji)(ji)附帶(dai)工具；維修服務(wu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)等。需(xu)(xu)要(yao)說明的是，完(wan)整的需(xu)(xu) 求(qiu)(qiu)標(biao)(biao)準是個長期積(ji)累(lei)的過程，也是許多政府(fu)部門及(ji)(ji)(ji)單位重(zhong)要(yao)的職責(ze)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，在采(cai)購活動前應(ying)組(zu)織專家進行研(yan)究與(yu)論證(zheng)，特別是一些(xie)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)標(biao)(biao)準，還應(ying)邀(yao)請研(yan)究機構、 社會組(zu)織及(ji)(ji)(ji)公(gong)眾參與(yu)其(qi)中。

明(ming)確(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指采(cai)(cai)購需(xu)求應(ying)(ying)當準(zhun)確(que)明(ming)了、規范(fan)，不可模凌兩可，似是(shi)(shi)(shi)而非(fei)。制(zhi)定完(wan)整、明(ming)確(que)的采(cai)(cai)購需(xu)求在采(cai)(cai)購實(shi)踐中(zhong)至關重要：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)證評審(shen)工作順利開展(zhan)，以(yi)及(ji)實(shi)現采(cai)(cai)購 目標和(he)物有(you)所(suo)值(zhi)目標的前提(ti)條件；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)利于提(ti)高(gao)供應(ying)(ying)商編制(zhi)投標和(he)響應(ying)(ying)文件的科(ke)學(xue)性和(he)有(you)效性，保(bao)(bao)證政府采(cai)(cai)購活動的公平和(he)公正。

確定公共服務(wu)項目采購需求征求社會公眾意(yi)見的(de)意(yi)義

2013年9月，國務(wu)院辦公廳發布了(le)《關于政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)指導意(yi)見》（國辦發[2013]96號），就推進政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)服(fu)務(wu)作出專門部 署。黨(dang)的(de)十八屆(jie)三中(zhong)全會(hui)(hui)通過的(de)《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)關于全面深化改(gai)革若(ruo)干重大問題的(de)決(jue)定》，多處提到要(yao)推廣政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)服(fu)務(wu)。政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)服(fu)務(wu)工作已經成(cheng)為(wei)現階(jie)段深化改(gai)革的(de) 一項重點工作任務(wu)。為(wei)貫徹落實黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、國務(wu)院有(you)關要(yao)求(qiu),確保政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)到的(de)服(fu)務(wu)是社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)公眾真(zhen)正需要(yao)和(he)滿(man)意(yi)的(de)服(fu)務(wu)，本條規定采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)人或采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)代(dai)理機構(gou)應當就公共服(fu) 務(wu)項目采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)需求(qiu)征求(qiu)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)公眾的(de)意(yi)見。

改革(ge)開放以(yi)來(lai)，我國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)和(he)(he)(he)制度建(jian)(jian)設不斷推(tui)進，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)方式(shi)(shi)逐(zhu)步(bu)多樣(yang)化，初步(bu)形成(cheng)了政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導、社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)參與(yu)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)辦民辦并(bing)舉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)(gong)給 模式(shi)(shi)。同時，與(yu)人(ren)民群眾(zhong)日(ri)益增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)相比，不少領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)存在(zai)質量(liang)、效率不高，規模不足和(he)(he)(he)發展不平衡等突出問題，迫切(qie)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)進一步(bu)強(qiang)化公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)職能，創新公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)(gong)給模式(shi)(shi)，有(you)效動員(yuan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)力(li)量(liang)，構建(jian)(jian)多層次(ci)、多方式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)(gong)給體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)，提(ti)供(gong)(gong)更加(jia)方便(bian)、快捷、優(you)質、高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)力(li) 量(liang)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，就是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過發揮市(shi)場機制作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，把(ba)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)直(zhi)接向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一部分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)項(xiang)，按照一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)程序，交由(you)具備條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)力(li)量(liang)承擔，并(bing)由(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)根 據服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)數量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其支付費用(yong)。近年來(lai)，一些地(di)(di)方立足實際，積極(ji)開展向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)力(li)量(liang)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探索，取(qu)得了良好(hao)效果。為(wei)(wei)做好(hao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)力(li)量(liang)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)(zuo)，準(zhun)(zhun)確(que) 把(ba)握社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，確(que)定(ding)(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，要(yao)(yao)做到(dao)精打細(xi)算，把(ba)有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金用(yong)在(zai)刀刃上，用(yong)到(dao)人(ren)民群眾(zhong)最需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方，確(que)保取(qu)得實實在(zai)在(zai) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)效。《財政(zheng)(zheng)部關于(yu)推(tui)進和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)善(shan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)關問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》（財庫[2014]37號）根據現(xian)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)品目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)類(lei)，按照服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象將服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進行(xing)(xing)了分(fen) 類(lei)。第(di)(di)一類(lei)為(wei)(wei)保障政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)部門自身(shen)正常(chang)(chang)運(yun)轉(zhuan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。第(di)(di)二類(lei)為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)部門為(wei)(wei)履行(xing)(xing)宏觀調控(kong)、市(shi)場監督等職能需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。第(di)(di)三(san)類(lei)為(wei)(wei)增加(jia)國(guo)民福 利、受益對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象特定(ding)(ding)，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。同時，該通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)還(huan)就推(tui)進制定(ding)(ding)完(wan)整、明確(que)、符合國(guo)家法律法規以(yi)及政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)政(zheng)(zheng)策規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)標準(zhun)(zhun)作(zuo)(zuo)了規 定(ding)(ding)。第(di)(di)一類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)列入政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)標準(zhun)(zhun)由(you)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)機構提(ti)出；其他服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)標準(zhun)(zhun)由(you)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)（購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)）提(ti)出；采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)、集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou) 機構制定(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)標準(zhun)(zhun)時，應當廣泛(fan)征求(qiu)相關供(gong)(gong)應商（承接主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)）、專(zhuan)家意見(jian)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)第(di)(di)三(san)類(lei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，應當征求(qiu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)。政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai) 購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)和(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)代理機構來(lai)講，是(shi)一項(xiang)全新而又(you)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)是(shi)否滿(man)(man)足社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)，是(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關健，它(ta)(ta)與(yu)貨物(wu)及其它(ta)(ta)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)著本(ben)質 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別，貨物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)其它(ta)(ta)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)都是(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)本(ben)身(shen)所需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標和(he)(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)標準(zhun)(zhun)比較明確(que)，而公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu) 體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)雖(sui)然也是(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)，但(dan)使用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)，社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)滿(man)(man)意不滿(man)(man)意是(shi)衡量(liang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)標志。所以(yi)說(shuo)，確(que)定(ding)(ding)第(di)(di)三(san)類(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)必(bi)須廣泛(fan) 征求(qiu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)意見(jian)就顯得非(fei)常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。

 必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人應當就(jiu)確定采(cai)(cai)購(gou)需求征(zheng)求相關供(gong)應商(shang)、專家的意見

《政府采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)法(fa)》對采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)人確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)需(xu)求是否征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)求相(xiang)關供(gong)(gong)應商、專家(jia)的意(yi)見(jian)沒有明確(que)(que)的規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)。《政府采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)貨物和服(fu)務招(zhao)標投標管(guan)理辦法(fa)》（財政部令18號）第二(er)十二(er) 條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，“招(zhao)標采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)單位可以根據需(xu)要，就招(zhao)標文件征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)詢有關專家(jia)或者供(gong)(gong)應商的意(yi)見(jian)。”從采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)實踐看(kan)，事(shi)先(xian)就采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)需(xu)求征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)求意(yi)見(jian)，特別是征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)求相(xiang)關供(gong)(gong)應商和專家(jia)意(yi) 見(jian)，有利于保障(zhang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)需(xu)求的完整、明確(que)(que)和合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)。因(yin)此，條(tiao)例以行政法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)的形式予以固定(ding)(ding)。

是否征(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)相(xiang)關(guan)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)、專(zhuan)家的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)，由(you)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)人或(huo)(huo)者采(cai)購(gou)(gou)代(dai)(dai)理(li)機(ji)(ji)構根據采(cai)購(gou)(gou)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)特點，以及采(cai)購(gou)(gou)人或(huo)(huo)者采(cai)購(gou)(gou)代(dai)(dai)理(li)機(ji)(ji)構的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業水平自行決定。一般來說，對(dui)于通用或(huo)(huo)者 已(yi)有(you)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)標準的(de)(de)品(pin)目(mu)(mu)，可以不(bu)用事先征(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)。對(dui)于專(zhuan)業性強或(huo)(huo)者已(yi)有(you)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)標準的(de)(de)品(pin)目(mu)(mu)，從滿足(zu)《條例》對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)角度出發，應(ying)當事先征(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)相(xiang)關(guan)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)和專(zhuan) 家的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)。《條例》的(de)(de)這項(xiang)規(gui)定，對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)代(dai)(dai)理(li)機(ji)(ji)構專(zhuan)業化發展提(ti)出了更(geng)高的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。需(xu)(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)(de)是，征(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)相(xiang)關(guan)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)和專(zhuan)家意(yi)見(jian)時，不(bu)能(neng)只征(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)特定供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)和專(zhuan)家的(de)(de)意(yi) 見(jian)，否則可能(neng)導(dao)致技術指標方面的(de)(de)排他(ta)性，不(bu)利(li)于形成潛在供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)之間的(de)(de)競(jing)爭。